fast_lyapunov_max#

gala.dynamics.nonlinear.fast_lyapunov_max(w0, hamiltonian, dt, n_steps, d0=1e-05, n_steps_per_pullback=10, noffset_orbits=2, t1=0.0, atol=1e-10, rtol=1e-10, nmax=0, return_orbit=True)[source]#

Compute the maximum Lyapunov exponent using a C-implemented estimator that uses the DOPRI853 integrator.

Parameters:

w0PhaseSpacePosition, array_like: Initial conditions.
hamiltonianHamiltonian
dtnumeric: Timestep.
n_stepsint: Number of steps to run for.
d0numeric (optional): The initial separation.
n_steps_per_pullbackint (optional): Number of steps to run before re-normalizing the offset vectors.
noffset_orbitsint (optional): Number of offset orbits to run.
t1numeric (optional): Time of initial conditions. Assumed to be t=0.
return_orbitbool (optional): Store the full orbit for the parent and all offset orbits.

Returns:

LEsQuantity: Lyapunov exponents calculated from each offset / deviation orbit.
orbitOrbit (optional)