lyapunov_max¶
-
gala.dynamics.nonlinear.
lyapunov_max
(w0, integrator, dt, n_steps, d0=1e-05, n_steps_per_pullback=10, noffset_orbits=8, t1=0.0, units=None)[source]¶ Compute the maximum Lyapunov exponent of an orbit by integrating many nearby orbits (
noffset
) separated with isotropically distributed directions but the same initial deviation length,d0
. This algorithm re-normalizes the offset orbits everyn_steps_per_pullback
steps.- Parameters
- w0
PhaseSpacePosition
, array_like Initial conditions.
- integrator
Integrator
An instantiated
Integrator
object. Must have a run() method.- dtnumeric
Timestep.
- n_stepsint
Number of steps to run for.
- d0numeric (optional)
The initial separation.
- n_steps_per_pullbackint (optional)
Number of steps to run before re-normalizing the offset vectors.
- noffset_orbitsint (optional)
Number of offset orbits to run.
- t1numeric (optional)
Time of initial conditions. Assumed to be t=0.
- units
UnitSystem
(optional) If passing in an array (not a
PhaseSpacePosition
), you must specify a unit system.
- w0
- Returns
- LEs
Quantity
Lyapunov exponents calculated from each offset / deviation orbit.
- orbit
Orbit
- LEs